Federal grocery policy changes do not always show up first on store shelves. This summer, one of the clearest shifts for shoppers has been at checkout, where bag fees and related charges are being handled more strictly for households using SNAP benefits.
Bag fees are still separate, and the rule is not new to shoppers seeing it now
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service said in a retailer notice dated July 23, 2025, that grocery bag fees charged under state or local policy cannot be paid with SNAP benefits. That means shoppers using EBT for eligible food can still complete the food purchase, but any bag fee must be paid with cash, a credit card, or a non-SNAP debit card, according to the agency. USDA also said the same principle applies even when bag charges are added automatically at checkout.
The federal guidance did not create bag fees on its own. Instead, it clarified for SNAP retailers and cashiers that these fees remain outside the food benefit, even as more states and cities adopted charges for paper or plastic bags. USDA’s separate guidance on eligible foods also states that state-required bottle and can deposits may be covered in some cases, but grocery bag fees may not.
That distinction matters at the register. A shopper may have enough SNAP funds for the food in the basket but still need another payment method to cover a small bag charge. The Federal Trade Commission, in separate guidance on fees, has said businesses may pass through some payment-related charges if law allows it, but those charges must be clearly disclosed before payment.
The effect depends on where shoppers live, and the full local reach is uneven
The impact is most visible in places where stores are already charging for checkout bags under state or local law. USDA’s retailer notice said some states have begun charging customers a fee for each shopping bag provided by a grocery store, making the out-of-pocket issue a routine part of checkout for some SNAP households. The result is not a nationwide new fee, but a stricter interaction between existing local bag-fee laws and federal SNAP payment rules.
What is confirmed is the federal payment restriction. What is not fully known is how many stores have recently retrained staff or reprogrammed point-of-sale systems in response, because USDA has not released a public store-by-store list of operational changes. Grocery chains also have not released a comprehensive national tally of locations where shoppers may newly notice the separation more clearly this summer.
That makes the experience highly local. In one city or state, a shopper may see no bag charge at all. In another, the same shopper may need a few extra cents or dollars at the register even when the food itself is fully SNAP-eligible, depending on how many bags are used and what the local ordinance requires.
The broader context is tighter oversight of grocery compliance and fees
The bag-fee issue is surfacing as federal regulators are paying closer attention to grocery compliance more broadly. On May 8, 2026, USDA published a final SNAP retailer stocking standards rule requiring participating stores other than specialty shops to carry at least seven varieties in each staple food category: dairy, vegetables or fruits, grains, and protein. USDA said the standards are intended to expand access to more nutritious food and will take effect in fall 2026.
That rule is separate from bag fees, but together they show a larger pattern: grocery rules that affect low-income shoppers are becoming more specific, and stores are being asked to follow more detailed federal standards. USDA said the new stocking rule more than doubles some product requirements and closes loopholes that allowed certain snack foods to count toward staple-food standards.
For customers, the practical takeaway is narrow but immediate. SNAP can still be used for eligible groceries, but not for grocery bag fees, and shoppers in places with bag-charge laws may need a second form of payment at checkout. USDA has said additional retailer guidance on other SNAP compliance changes is continuing as the 2026 standards roll out.
